عَنْ حِطَّانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الرَّقَاشِيِّ قَالَ: صَلَّيْتُ مَعَ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ صَلَاةً، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: أُقِرَّتِ الصَّلَاةُ بِالْبِرِّ وَالزَّكَاةِ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَضَى أَبُو مُوسَى الصَّلَاةَ وَسَلَّمَ انْصَرَفَ فَقَالَ: أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ قَالَ: فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّكُمُ الْقَائِلُ كَلِمَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ فَأَرَمَّ الْقَوْمُ، فَقَالَ: لَعَلَّكَ يَا حِطَّانُ قُلْتَهَا؟ قَالَ: مَا قُلْتُهَا، وَلَقَدْ رَهِبْتُ أَنْ تَبْكَعَنِي بِهَا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: أَنَا قُلْتُهَا، وَلَمْ أُرِدْ بِهَا إِلَّا الْخَيْرَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى: أَمَا تَعْلَمُونَ كَيْفَ تَقُولُونَ فِي صَلَاتِكُمْ؟ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطَبَنَا فَبَيَّنَ لَنَا سُنَّتَنَا وَعَلَّمَنَا صَلَاتَنَا، فَقَالَ: «إِذَا صَلَّيْتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا صُفُوفَكُمْ، ثُمَّ لِيَؤُمَّكُمْ أَحَدُكُمْ فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ فَكَبِّرُوا، وَإِذْ قَالَ: {غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا الضَّالِّينَ} [الفاتحة: 7]، فَقُولُوا: آمِينَ، يُجِبْكُمُ اللهُ، فَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَرَكَعَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَارْكَعُوا، فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَرْكَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ، وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ، وَإِذَا قَالَ: سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ، يَسْمَعِ اللهُ لَكُمْ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَالَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ، وَإِذَا كَبَّرَ وَسَجَدَ فَكَبِّرُوا وَاسْجُدُوا، فَإِنَّ الْإِمَامَ يَسْجُدُ قَبْلَكُمْ وَيَرْفَعُ قَبْلَكُمْ»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «فَتِلْكَ بِتِلْكَ، وَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْقَعْدَةِ فَلْيَكُنْ مِنْ أَوَّلِ قَوْلِ أَحَدِكُمُ: التَّحِيَّاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ».
Kutoka kwa Hittwan bin Abdillah Ar-Raqashi amesema: Nilisali pamoja na Abuu Mussa Al-Ash'ariy swala moja, tulipofika katika kikao (cha tahiyatu) mtu mmoja akasema: Swala imefungamanishwa na wema na zaka, akasema: Abuu Mussa alipomaliza swala na akatoa salamu, akageuka na akasema: Ni nani kati yenu aliyesema neno kadhaa wa kadhaa? Akasema: Watu wote wakanyamaza, kisha akasema: Ni nani kati yenu aliyesema neno kadhaa wa kadhaa? Watu wote wakanyamaza, akasema: Huenda ukawa ni wewe uliyesema ewe Hittwan? Akasema: Hakika niliogopa utaninyamazisha kwa neno hilo, akasema mtu mmoja katika jamaa waliokuwepo: Mimi ndiye niliyesema, na sikukusudia kwa neno hilo ila kheri, Abuu Mussa akasema: Hivi hamjui ni vipi mtasema ndani ya swala zenu? hakika Mtume -Rehema na amani ziwe juu yake- alituhutubia na akatubainishia sunna zetu na akatufundisha swala yetu, akasema: "Pindi mtakaposwali basi nyoosheni safu zenu, kisha akuongozeni mmoja wenu, atakapotoa takbira basi toeni takbira, na anaposema: "Ghairil maghdhuubi a'laihim waladh-dhwaalliin" [Suratul Fatiha: 7], basi semeni: Aaamiin (Ewe Mola wetu Mlezi tukubalie maombi) Atakujibuni Mwenyezi Mungu, atakapotoa takbira na akarukuu basi nanyi toeni takbira na mrukuu, kwani imamu anatakiwa kurukuu kabla yenu, na anyanyuke kabla yenu", akasema Mtume -Rehema na amani ziwe juu yake-:"Hiyo itakwenda na ile, na akisema: Samia'llaahu liman hamidah, semeni: Allaahumma Rabbanaa lakal hamdu, Mwenyezi Mungu anakusikieni, kwani Mwenyezi Mungu -Aliyetakasika na kutukuka- alisema kupitia ulimi wa Nabii wake -Rehema na amani ziwe juu yake-: Amemsikia Mwenyezi Mungu mwenye kumhimidi, na akitoa takbira akasujudu basi sujuduni, kwani imamu anatakiwa asujudu kabla yenu na anyanyuke kabla yenu", akasema Mtume -Rehema na amani ziwe juu yake-: "Hiyo inakwenda ile, na akifika mahali pa kukaa basi kauli ya mwanzo ya mmoja wenu iwe ni: Attahiyyatut twayyibaatu as swalawaatu lillaah, assalaam alaika ayyuhan nabiyyu warahmatullaahi wabarakaatuh, assalaamu alainaa wa alaa ibaadillaahis swaalihiin, ash-hadu anlaa ilaaha illa llaahu wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan abduhu warasuuluhu".
Hittān ibn' Abdullāh ar-Raqāshi reported: I observed prayer with Abu Mūsa al-Ash'ari, and when he was in the tashahhud, someone among the people said: "The prayer has been made obligatory along with benevolence and Zakah." When Abu Mūsa finished the prayer and made taslīm, he turned to the people and said: "Who amongst you said such and such thing?" A hush fell on the people. He again said: "Who amongst you has said such and such thing?" A hush fell on the people. He said, "O Hittān, perhaps you have uttered it." Hittān said: "No, I have not uttered it. I feared you might be annoyed with me because of this." A person amongst the people said: "It was I who said it, and I intended nothing but good with it." Abu Mūsa said: "Do you not know what you have to say in your prayers? Verily, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) addressed us, explaining to us our Sunnah and teaching us our prayer, and said: 'When you pray, straighten your rows and let one of you lead in prayer, and when he says takbīr, say takbīr; when he recites {Not of those who incurred Your Wrath, or of those who went astray} [Surat al-Fātihah: 7], say 'amen'; and Allah will respond to you. And when he says takbīr, you also say takbīr, for the Imām bows and rises before you.' Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'This is equivalent to that. And when he says, 'Sami'a Allāhu liman hamidah' (Allah hears he who praises Him), you should say: 'Allahumma rabbanā laka al-hamd' (O Allah, our Lord, praise be to You), and Allah will hear you, for Allah Almighty said through the tongue of His Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): Allah hears he who praises Him. And when he says takbīr and prostrates, you should also say takbīr and prostrate, for the Imām prostrates before you and rises before you.' Then, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'This is equivalent to that. And when he sits for tashahhud, the first words of everyone amongst you should be: 'Attaḥiyyāt at-ṭayyibāt aṣ-ṣalawātu lillāhi, assalāmu 'alayka 'ayyuh an-nabiyyu wa raḥmatullāhi wa barakātuh, assalāmu' alayna wa 'alā 'ibadillāhi aṣ-ṣāliḥīn. Ash'hadu an lā 'ilāha illā Allah wa ash'hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasūluh.' (All greetings, good things, and prayers are due to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and blessings. Peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger)."
kumebainishwa namna miongoni mwa aina za tashahudi.
Maneno ya swala na vitendo vyake lazima yawe yamethibiti kutoka kwa Mtume -Rehema na amani ziwe juu yake-, haruhusiwi yeyote kuzua ndani ya swala kuli au kitendo ambacho hakikuthibiti ndani ya sunna.
Haitakiwi kumtangulia imamu au kuchelewa kumfuata, na sheria kwa maamuma ni kumfuata imamu katika vitendo vyake.
Kumetajwa yale aliyokuwa akiyafanya Mtume -Rehema na amani ziwe juu yake- ikiwemo kutilia umuhimu kufikisha ujumbe, na kuufundisha umma wake hukumu za dini.
Imamu ndio kiigizo kwa maamuma, hatakiwi kumtangulia katika matendo ya swala na wala asiende nae sawa, na wala asichelewe kumfuata, bali kumfuata kwake kuanzie baada ya kuhakikisha kuwa kaingia katika kitendo anachotaka kukifanya, na sunna ni kumfuata.
Sheria ya kunyoosha safu katika swala.